A next generation immune complex vaccine against Gumboro disease adapted to slow-growing broiler breeds needs

The broiler industry is increasingly focusing on the benefits of rearing slower-growing strains of broiler chickens to mitigate the issues prevalent among fast-growing broiler flocks. However, slow-growing broilers are generally considered to be more susceptible to Gumboro disease and modified live vaccines (MLVs) than conventional broilers. Thus, new IBD vaccines are needed to offer the greater efficacy and safety that these broiler breeds need. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a next generation immune complex IBD vaccine (GUMBOHATCH®) in slow-growing chickens under field conditions.

 

GUMBOHATCH® is a new immune complex vaccine (ICX) against Gumboro disease (IBDV) that guarantees that all vaccine virus particles are entirely coated with IgY of egg origin. This key distinguishing feature compared with the standard-formulated ICX vaccines makes GUMBOHATCH® a next generation vaccine that ensures the maintenance of maximum potency of the vaccine even in the presence of high levels of maternal antibodies, whilst avoiding the risk of immunosuppression associated with MLVs when used in slow-growing breeds.

To evaluate the performance of GUMBOHATCH® in a slow-growing broiler breed, two flocks of day-old Hubbard Redbro chickens were vaccinated subcutaneously with either a commercially available recombinant HVT-IBD vaccine (Group A, n=8,670) or GUMBOHATCH® plus HVT vaccine (HIPRA; Group B, n=7,900). Both groups were also vaccinated against MD CVI and IB (Ma5 + 4/91) on the same day. The animals were allocated to two separate houses and managed under similar conditions.

Mortality, antibody response against IBDV and growth performance were monitored up to 70 days; additionally, the bursa of Fabricius was inspected weekly between 21 and 49 days. The antibody immunity against IB and replication of MDv were also evaluated to determine any interference with vaccination against IBDV. ELISA titres were Log2 transformed for the statistical analysis. The significance level was set to 5% for statistical comparison of the groups.

As expected, the vaccines tested produced an antibody response against IBDV despite the presence of maternally-derived antibodies, confirming their correct application and mechanism of action. GUMBOHATCH® showed the highest IBDV antibody response with both ELISA kits during most of the study, even at 80 days of age (Figure 1).

IBDV antibody response
Figure 1. Antibody immunity against IBDV detected by 1) CIVTEST® AVI IBD and 2) ProFLOK® IBD BDA. Results are represented as average and standard deviation of the ELISA titre. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference (One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test; n=19-20, p<0.05). Bold number represents the percentage of positive animals. The slashed lines represent the positive (1: 357 ELISA titre, 2: 998.2 ELISA titre) and negative (268 ELISA titre) cut-off. n.a.: data at 28 days of life were missing.

 

The two flocks did not show any differences in terms of growth performance or mortality (Figure 2).

mortality gumboro disease
Figure 2. Productive performances. Results are represented as average and standard deviation of the body weight and as percentage of cumulative mortality (Am and Bm). The final weight and the final mortality showed no statistically significant differences (One-way ANOVA, p>0.05; Chi square test, p>0.05). n.a.: data at 28 days of life were missing.

 

Atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius was observed in the GUMBOHATCH® group, although this finding is to be expected in broilers vaccinated with a live attenuated vaccine against Gumboro disease. The antibody response against IB was higher in the flock vaccinated with GUMBOHATCH® than in the HVT-IBD flock (Figure 3).

antibody response against IB was higher in the flock vaccinated with GUMBOHATCH® than in the HVT-IBD flock
Figure 3. Antibody immunity against IB (CIVTEST® AVI IBV). Results are represented as 1) average and standard deviation of the base 2 logarithms of the ELISA titre and 2) percentage of negative (NEG), suspicious (SUS) and positive (POS) birds. The slashed lines represent the positive (710 ELISA titre) and negative (505 ELISA titre) cut-off. 1: Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference (One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hock test; n=19-20, p<0.05).

 

The results of this study confirm that a next generation ICX vaccine like GUMBOHATCH® does not compromise the health or productive performance of slow-growing broilers and thus that it is suitable for application in chickens regardless of the growing profile.

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